ADHD is characterised by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which can interfere with daily functioning in a variety of settings, such as school, work, and personal relationships. While ADHD has been widely researched and studied, there is still a significant amount of misinformation and misunderstanding surrounding it. In this blog post, we will explore the symptoms and causes of ADHD in adults and children, in order to provide a deeper understanding of the condition.
Symptoms of ADHD
ADHD symptoms can vary from person to person, and can present differently in adults compared to children. However, the core symptoms of ADHD are inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
Inattention symptoms include:
- Difficulty paying attention to details or making careless mistakes
- Difficulty staying focused on tasks or activities
- Difficulty following through on instructions or completing tasks
- Difficulty organizing tasks or activities
- Difficulty remembering details or events
- Difficulty listening when spoken to directly
- Difficulty following through on instructions or completing tasks
Hyperactivity symptoms include:
- Fidgeting or squirming in seat
- Difficulty remaining seated
- Excessive running or climbing
- Difficulty engaging in quiet activities
- Excessive talking
- Difficulty waiting for one’s turn
Impulsivity symptoms include:
- Difficulty waiting for one’s turn
- Interrupting others
- Difficulty controlling emotions
- Acting without thinking
- Difficulty engaging in quiet activities
- Difficulty following through on instructions or completing tasks
It is worth noting that adults with ADHD may not have the hyperactivity symptoms seen in children, instead they may have symptoms such as restlessness, impatience, and difficulty sitting still.
Causes of ADHD
The exact cause of ADHD is not known, but research suggests that it may be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and brain development factors.
Genetics
ADHD tends to run in families, and research has shown that the disorder is more common in siblings and children of parents with ADHD. Studies have also identified several genes that may increase the risk of developing ADHD.
Brain development
Research has found that individuals with ADHD have structural and functional differences in certain areas of the brain, such as the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for attention and impulse control.
Environmental factors
Exposure to certain toxins and pollutants, such as lead and tobacco smoke, during pregnancy and early childhood may increase the risk of developing ADHD. Additionally, premature birth, low birth weight, and head injury have also been linked to an increased risk of developing the disorder.
Diagnosis and Treatment
A diagnosis of ADHD is typically made by a healthcare professional. The healthcare professional will conduct a comprehensive evaluation, which may include a physical examination, medical history, and psychological testing. They may also use rating scales and questionnaires to assess symptoms, and may also consult with parents, teachers, or other caregivers to gather additional information.
Once a diagnosis is made, treatment for ADHD typically involves a combination of medication and behavioural therapy. Behavioural therapy may include parent training, social skills training, and cognitive behavioural therapy.
In conclusion, ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults, and is characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The exact cause of ADHD is not known, but research suggests that it may be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
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